Czytelnia – Fact or Fiction?
Tekst został nagrany przez Karę Shallenberg - kayray.org.
Kara, thank you very much!
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The next time you are washing your hands and complain because the water temperature isn't just how you like it, think about how things used to be. Here are some facts about the 1500s: |
complain – narzekać how things used to be – jak to kiedyś było |
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Most people got married in June because they took their yearly bath in May, and still smelled pretty good by June. However, they were starting to smell, so brides carried a bouquet of flowers to hide the body odor. Hence the custom today of carrying a bouquet when getting married. |
get married – żenić się, wychodzić za mąż yearly – coroczny, raz do roku bath – kąpiel smell – pachnieć, śmierdzieć, wąchać pretty good – dość/całkiem dobrze bride – panna młoda bouquet – bukiet body odor – nieprzyjemny zapach ciała/potu carry – nieść |
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Baths consisted of a big tub filled with hot water. The man of the house had the privilege of the nice clean water, then all the other sons and men, then the women and finally the children. Last of all the babies. By then the water was so dirty you could actually lose someone in it. Hence the saying, Don't throw the baby out with the bath water... |
tub – balia, wanna privelege – przywilej last of all – na samym końcu actually – w rzeczywistości; prawdę powiedziawszy hence – stąd, dlatego też saying – powiedzenie throw the baby out with the bath water – wylać dziecko z kąpielą |
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Houses had thatched roofs with no wood underneath. It was the only place for animals to get warm, so all the cats and other small animals (mice, bugs) lived in the roof. When it rained it became slippery and sometimes the animals would slip and fall off the roof. Hence the saying, It's raining cats and dogs. |
thatched – pokryty strzechą underneath – pod spodem get warm – zagrzać się, ogrzać się bug – pluskwa, robak slippery – ślisko slip – ześlizgnąć się it's raining cats and dogs – leje jak z cebra |
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There was nothing to stop things from falling into the house. This posed a real problem in the bedroom where bugs and other droppings could mess up your nice clean bed. Hence, a bed with big posts and a sheet hung over the top afforded some protection. That's how canopy beds came into existence. |
there was nothing to stop – nic nie mogło powstrzymać fall into – wpadać pose a real problem – stanowić poważny problem droppings – odchody mess up – zapaskudzić post – słupek afford – zapewnić protection – ochrona canopy bed – łóżko z baldachimem come into existence – zaistnieć, pojawić się |
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The floor was dirt. Only the wealthy had something other than dirt. Hence the saying, dirt-poor. The wealthy had slate floors that would get slippery in the winter when wet, so they spread thresh on floor to help keep their footing. As the winter wore on, they added more thresh until, when you opened the door, it would all start slipping outside. A piece of wood was placed in the entranceway. Hence the saying, a thresh hold. |
dirt – ziemia, klepisko the wealthy – bogaci poor – biedny dirt-poor – bardzo biedny slate – płytka get slippery – stawać się śliskim spread – rozkładać thresh – wymłócone zboże, słoma keep footing – utrzymywać równowagę slip outside – wyślizgiwać się na zewnątrz entranceway – wejście threshold – próg |
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In those old days, they cooked in the kitchen with a big kettle that always hung over the fire. Every day they lit the fire and added things to the pot. They ate mostly vegetables and did not get much meat. They would eat the stew for dinner, leaving leftovers in the pot to get cold overnight and then start over the next day. Sometimes stew had food in it that had been there for quite a while. Hence the rhyme, Peas porridge hot, peas porridge cold, peas porridge in the pot nine days old... |
kettle – czajnik, kociołek lit the fire – rozpalać ogień add – dodawać pot – garnek stew – duszone mięso z jarzynami leftovers – resztki overnight – w ciągu nocy rhyme – wierszyk peas – groszek porridge – owsianka |
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Sometimes they could obtain pork, which made them feel quite special. When visitors came over, they would hang up their bacon to show off. It was a sign of wealth that a man could, bring home the bacon. They would cut off a little to share with guests and would all sit around and chew the fat... |
obtain – zdobyć, uzyskać pork – wieprzowina come over – przyjść (z wizytą) bacon – boczek show off – popisywać się wealth – bogactwo, dostatek chew – żuć fat – tłuszcz chew the fat – gawędzić |
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Those with money had plates made of pewter. Food with high acid content caused some of the lead to leach onto the food, causing lead poisoning death. This happened most often with tomatoes, so for the next 400 years or so, tomatoes were considered poisonous. |
pewter – cyna acid – kwas content – zawartość lead – ołów leach – przesączać, przeciekać lead poisoning – zatrucie ołowiem poisonous – trujący |
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Bread was divided according to status. Workers got the burnt bottom of the loaf, the family got the middle, and guests got the top, or the upper crust. |
according to – według, zgodnie z burnt – spalony bottom – spód upper crust – górna skórka (chleba); klasa wyższa |
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Lead cups were used to drink ale or whisky. The combination would sometimes knock the imbibers out for a couple of days. Someone walking along the road would take them for dead and prepare them for burial. They were laid out on the kitchen table for a couple of days and the family would gather around and eat and drink and wait and see if they would wake up. Hence the custom of holding a wake. |
imbiber – osoba pijąca knock out – powalić, pozbawić przytomności take for dead – uznać za martwego burial – pogrzeb lay out – rozłożyć gather – gromadzić się wake up – obudzić się custom – zwyczaj wake – czuwanie; stypa |
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England is old and small and the local folks started running out of places to bury people. So they would dig up coffins and would take the bones to a bone-house, and reuse the grave. When reopening these coffins, 1 out of 25 coffins were found to have scratch marks on the inside and they realized they had been burying people alive. So they would tie a string on the wrist of the corpse, lead it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell. Someone would have to sit out in the graveyard all night (the graveyard shift) to listen for the bell; thus, someone could be, saved by the bell or was considered a... dead ringer. |
folks – ludzie; rodzina, krewni bury – grzebać, pochować, urządzić pogrzeb dig up – wykopać coffin – trumna bone – kość bone-house – dawniej: miejsce składowania kości zmarłych scratch marks – ślady po drapaniu inside – wnętrze bury people alive – pogrzebać ludzi żywcem tie – przywiązać string – sznurek wrist – nadgarstek corpse – zwłoki lead – przeprowadzić ground – ziemia bell – dzwonek graveyard – cmentarz the graveyard shift – nocna zmiana be considered – być uznanym dead ringer – sobowtór |
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